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octubre 30, 2024

The 400 kV project to integrate renewable energy into the Polish grid

The 400 kV transmission line between Dunowo, Żydowo Kierzkowo, and Piła Krzewina will optimise the energy evacuation from offshore wind projects in the Baltic Sea and enhance energy connectivity between Poland and its neighbouring countries. Maciej Wapiński asserts that this infrastructure marks a critical advancement in PSE’s strategy to strengthen the power system for the renewable energy transition.
By Lucia Colaluce

By Lucia Colaluce

octubre 30, 2024
renewables poland

The construction of this new 400 kV transmission line represents a milestone in the strategic plans of Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne (PSE) to reinforce the power grid and facilitate the expansion of renewable energy in Poland.

Maciej Wapiński, PSE spokesperson and expert

Maciej Wapiński, PSE spokesperson and expert

According to PSE spokesperson and expert Maciej Wapiński, this investment “is crucial for the secure operation of the north-western part of Poland’s electricity system,” as he reveals to Strategic Energy that it will improve energy evacuation from both existing and future renewable projects, including major offshore wind farms in the Baltic Sea.

The 400 kV line will not only benefit renewable energy generation but will also connect high energy demand areas in northern and central Poland, ensuring a balanced and stable energy distribution. This project is also designed to increase transmission capacity between Poland and its neighbours Germany, Sweden, and Lithuania, consolidating a high-capacity regional network to facilitate energy exchange in the area.

Capacity and new connection projects

So far, approximately 1.5 GW of renewable energy projects have secured connection conditions at substations along the line (Dunowo, Żydowo Kierzkowo, Piła Krzewina). However, Wapiński emphasises that “the role of this transmission line goes beyond connecting only renewable energy sources,” as the infrastructure will also allow for the evacuation and transmission of energy generated by other sources, improving the overall system operation.

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This ensures PSE provides greater reliability and flexibility in transmission—essential for a network facing constant shifts in electricity generation and demand.

Expansion plans: more transmission lines

The 400 kV line project is just one part of PSE’s ambitious plan to develop transmission infrastructure in Poland. With an unprecedented investment, the company aims to construct more than 5,400 kilometres of new 400 kV lines and 31 additional substations by 2037, along with modernising all 110 of its current substations.

This massive expansion will enable the seamless integration of renewable sources, ensuring supply even in high-demand regions. A notable project within this plan is the north-south HVDC line, which will facilitate the transmission of offshore wind energy to the industrial regions of Silesia, minimising transmission losses and optimising the use of generated power.

Managing excess renewable energy and storage

With approximately 30 GW of installed solar and wind capacity in Poland and a peak load of around 27 GW, PSE faces the challenge of managing supply that sometimes exceeds demand. In response, the market has seen low prices to incentivise demand growth and energy storage.

“The system operator intervenes to ensure safe operation,” Wapiński explains, noting that fossil fuel plants are initially ordered to reduce production. However, this measure has its limits, as certain units must remain operational to maintain grid stability.

To mitigate the effects of overproduction, energy storage systems are becoming essential. PSE currently manages 2 GW of large-scale storage capacity in pumped hydroelectric plants and plans to add another 2 GW in battery energy storage systems (BESS) by 2028, thanks to projects that won capacity auctions. Additionally, there are 20 GW of BESS projects with connection conditions, which could significantly impact grid management in the medium term.

About PSE

Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne is responsible for maintaining the safe and stable operation of the Polish power system while also contributing to the European energy market. As a State Treasury company, PSE focuses on sustainable development and fair treatment for market participants, committed to robust and sustainable infrastructure. “We are a modern and innovative company at the heart of Poland’s energy industry, and our efforts benefit consumers nationwide,” Wapiński highlights.

With nearly 15,000 kilometres of high-voltage lines and 107 power stations across the country, PSE stands as a key player in Poland’s energy transition. Headquartered in Konstancin-Jeziorna, PSE also operates units in strategic cities such as Bydgoszcz, Katowice, Poznań, Radom, and Warsaw, employing more than 2,500 people who work daily to ensure reliable electricity supply-

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